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The Queen's House, Greenwich, is a former royal residence built between 1616–1635 in Greenwich, then a few miles downriver from London, and now a district of the city. Its architect was Inigo Jones, for whom it was a crucial early commission, for Anne of Denmark, the queen of King James I of England. The Queen's House is one of the most important buildings in British architectural history, being the first consciously classical building to have been constructed in Britain. It was Jones's first major commission after returning from his 1613–1615 grand tour〔The phrase 'Grand Tour' was unknown until approximately 1670, but in essence, Jones's tour of Germany, Italy and France, incorporated many of the elements of the later tour.〕 of Roman, Renaissance and Palladian architecture in Italy. Some earlier English buildings, such as Longleat and Burghley House, had made borrowings from the classical style; but these were restricted to small details not applied in a systematic way, or the building may be of a mix of different styles. Furthermore the form of these buildings was not informed by an understanding of classical precedents. The Queen's House would have appeared revolutionary to English eyes in its day. Jones is credited with the introduction of Palladianism with the construction of the Queen's House, although it diverges from the mathematical constraints of Palladio and it is likely that the immediate precedent for the H shaped plan straddling a road is the Villa Medici at Poggio a Caiano by Giuliano da Sangallo. Today the building is both a grade I listed building and a Scheduled ancient monument, a status which includes the , axial vista to the River Thames. The house now forms part of the National Maritime Museum and is used to display parts of their substantial collection of maritime paintings and portraits. It was used as a VIP centre in the 2012 Olympic games. ==Early history== The Queen's House is located in Greenwich, London, England. It was built as an adjunct to the Tudor Palace of Greenwich, previously known, before its redevelopment by Henry VII〔The Palace of Placentia was redeveloped circa 1500〕 as the Palace of Placentia, which was a rambling, mainly red-brick building in a more vernacular style. This would have presented a dramatic contrast of appearance to the newer, white-painted House, although the latter was much smaller and really a modern version of an older tradition of private 'garden houses', not a public building, and one used only by the queen's privileged inner circle. Construction of the house began in 1616 but work on the house stopped in April 1618 when Anne became ill and died the next year. Work restarted when the house was given to the queen consort Henrietta Maria in 1629 by King Charles I, and the house was structurally complete by 1635.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=History of the Queen's House )〕〔Detailed accounts of the building project are given in London County Council, ''Survey of London'', Howard Colvin, ed. ''The History of The King's Works'', Volume IV, 1485–1660, Part II 9) and in John Bold, ''Greenwich: An Architectural History of the Royal Hospital for Seamen and the Queen's House'' (Yale University Press) 2000.〕 However, the House's original use was short – no more than seven years – before the English Civil War began in 1642 and swept away the court culture from which it sprang. Of its interiors, three ceilings and some wall decorations survive in part, but no interior remains in its original state. This process began as early as 1662, when masons removed a niche and term figures and a chimneypiece.〔John Newman, noting this, identified a chimneypiece likely to have come from the Queen's House, at Charlton House, barely three miles away; for its design it drew upon an engraving in Jean Barbet's ''Livre d'architecture'' (1633); Newman, "Strayed from the Queen's House?" ''Architectural History'' 27, Design and Practice in British Architecture: Studies in Architectural History Presented to Howard Colvin (1984:33–35).〕 Paintings commissioned by Charles I for the house from Orazio Gentileschi, but now elsewhere, include a ceiling ''Allegory of Peace and the Arts'', now installed at Marlborough House, London,〔R.W. Bissell, ''Orazio Gentileschi and the Poetic Tradition in Caravaggiesque Painting''(), cat. no. 70, pp 195–98.〕 a large ''Finding of Moses'', now on loan from a private collection to the National Gallery, London,〔(National Gallery )〕 and a matching ''Joseph and Potiphar's Wife'' still in the Royal Collection.〔Lloyd, Christopher, ''The Queen's Pictures, Royal Collectors through the centuries'', p.102, National Gallery Publications, 1991, ISBN 0-947645-89-6. This is usually at Hampton Court Palace.〕 The Queen's House, though it was scarcely being used, provided the distant focal centre for Sir Christopher Wren's Greenwich Hospital, with a logic and grandeur that has seemed inevitable to architectural historians but in fact depended on Mary II's insistence that the vista to the water from the Queen's House not be impaired.〔Bold 2000.〕 ==Construction of the Greenwich Hospital== Although the House survived as an official building—being used for the lying-in-state of Commonwealth Generals-at-Sea Richard Dean (1653) and Robert Blake (1657)—the main palace was progressively demolished from the 1660s to 1690s and replaced by the Royal Hospital for Seamen,〔The Royal Hospital for Seamen is usually known as Greenwich Hospital.〕 built 1696–1751 to the master-plan of Sir Christopher Wren. This is now called the Old Royal Naval College, after its later use from 1873 to 1998. The position of the House, and Queen Mary II's order that it retain its view to the river (only gained on demolition of the older Palace), dictated Wren's Hospital design of two matching pairs of 'courts' separated by a grand 'visto' exactly the width of the House (115 ft). The whole forms an impressive architectural ensemble that stretches from the Thames to Greenwich Park and is one of the principal features that in 1997 led UNESCO to inscribe 'Maritime Greenwich' as a World Heritage Site. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Queen's House」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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